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Article : "Les stratégies d'Open Savoir-Faire"

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Affichage des articles dont le libellé est ISACA. Afficher tous les articles

jeudi 1 septembre 2011

(Archive) An introduction to IT governance regime (Fr : régime de gouvernance informatique)

IT governance regime is the key primitive of information technology governance (IT governance) frameworks such as NGEN ITG [3] which source their ontologies in political science. But as a matter of fact, most frameworks give precedence to processes instead of relationships [1].

What kind of animal is an "IT governance regime" ?
- First if all, we should assess that the locution "IT governance regime" is rarely used in IT management global literature. "IT governance model", “IT governance framework” (such as in “SOA governance framework”), or "IT governance archetype" (such as in Pr. Weill and Pr. Ross's framework on IT governance) are much more popular locutions. Of course, the locution can be found in some academical articles [2], but anecdotally, and the notion has not retained much attention both from academics and practitioners [3].

- Then we should recognize that the notion of regime is a basic notion in political sciences; the word of regimen has a similar meaning but is much less used;
- Finally, we should contemplate that regime is deeply rooted in French culture and history; “regime” is translated directly an immediately into French with “régime” whereas “regimen” gives “traitement”.

To feel the potential of regime from a methodology perspective, just look at the following locutions :
“SOA governance regime life cycle”,
“SOA governance framework life cycle”,
“SOA governance model life cycle”,
“SOA governance life cycle”...

As a matter of fact, an IT governance regime is precisely what the deliverable (output) of an IT governance project should be. Versus an IT governance regime, an IT governance model or an IT governance framework being intermediate deliverables with no direct and immediate value for IT stakeholders and shareholders.
Now, the answer to define an IT governance regime or a SOA governance regime is not obvious and governance of information technologies is still one of the most difficult challenges that an enterprise and its ecosystem face.

If we take an operational perspective, the answer to the question "What should deliver an IT governance project ?" is still not straight forwards.

Should it deliver IT decision rights, IT accountabilities, IT leadership, IT processes, IT structures, IT systems, IT strategies and IT policies or only part of this, let's say for example IT decision rights and IT accountabilities should we follow the stream of thought leadership leaded by Professor Peter Weill and Professor Jeanne Ross (MIT)?

If we take an epistemological perspective, we may identify three approaches to define an IT governance regime / regimen:
(1) call for a general definition of regime / regimen;
(2) formulate a definition that would fit specifically to IT management matters;
(3) find and observe implementations of IT governance regimes.

As for a call for a general definition, we might call for the help of political sciences. To define a governance regime, a mere dictionary would do and in the native language. Of course, definitions might vary and we will not find in a dictionary a specific definition for governance regime that would be immediately and naturally endorsed and used by IT professionals.
For a definition that would fit specifically to IT matters, we might call for definitions, select one of them and invite every IT professional to endorse, learn and use.

As for actual implementations, The Archilogy Institute , an open creative knowledge community addressing governance in enterprises and ecosystems, was able to find three animals in IT management answering to the call of “eService governance regime” where eService is a service enabled by an IT infrastructure :
- “Internet governance regime”
- “corporate telecoms governance regime”
- “SOA governance regime” or as The Open Group has named it “SOA governance regimen”.
Following these three paths all together should let emerge a general definition for IT governance regime / IT governance regimen from which Internet governance regime, corporate telecoms governance regime and SOA governance regime should be a direct and immediate application.

Notes
[1] Ryan R Peterson, “Integration strategies and tactics for information technology governance”, an article collected under the direction of Wim Van Grembergen in “Strategies for information technologies governance”, 2003. There is only one occurrence of “IT governance regime” which introduces a CIO interview.
[2] “Governance of outsourcing – IT governance domains and competencies”, ITGI, 2005. In the 23 pages document, “governance regime” is mentioned three times along with “governance environment” which appears twice.
[3]NGEN ITG : an original IT governance framework crafted for SOA governance and SAAS governance (sometimes called IT cloud governance).

About this page


The page is a creative knowledge cell :
1. it carries some creative work;
2. it is endorsed by its creator ;
3. the life of the page is traced;
4. the creative work is anchored in previous creative works;
5. the creative work is marked through Creative Commons license with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof. This creative knowledge cell is a cell of The Archilogy Institute, an open creative knowledge community addressing governance within the enterprises and the ecosystems.

Tracing the life of this creative knowledge cell

Published by Tru Dô-Khac under Creative Commons Attribution France 2.0. July 2009, Paris.
Updated on November 15, 2009, Paris.
Updated on May 18. 2010 to introduce three entities : Internet governance regime, SOA governance regime and corporate telecoms governance regime.
Updated on June 27. 2010 to align to the suggested format of a cell of The Archilogy Institute.
Updated on March 5. 2011 : minor corrections which do not take into account current development on IT Regime Management (Regit)framework.

Transferred on this site on August 1. 2011 from www.regime-de-gouvernance-informatique.com








“Sharing, Remixing, Reusing, -Legally” the content of this creative knowledge cell

Creative Commons License
An introduction to IT governance regime by Tru Dô-Khac est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité 2.0 France. “Share, Remix, Reuse, -Legally” is the motto of Creative Commons, a non profit organisation. It has been remixed under Creative Commons license Attribution 3.0 unported

Contacting the nurturer of this creative knowledge cell

The present cell of The Archilogy Institute cell is nurtured by Tru Dô-Khac, an independent consultant in IT and innovation governance. Tru Dô-Khac is the author of « L'externalisation des télécoms d'entreprise  - l'Opérateur Privé Virtuel» [Ang : Corporate Telecoms Outsourcing – The Virtual Private Operator ] published by Hermes Lavoisier 2005 (www.lavoisier.fr), ISBN 2-7462-1064-9, and subsequent articles published in selected magazines such as « Stratégie de sourcing – l'approche contractuelle » [Ang : « Sourcing strategy – a contract oriented approach » ], 2006, La Jaune et La Rouge, ISSN 0021-5554, Ecole Polytechnique alumni magazine.
The book reports in 220 pages the result of a creation and research work on three “governance regime patterns” for corporate telecoms. The subsequent articles build on this work and show how IT governance can (easily) leverage the creations and findings of this work.

Tru Dô-Khac 's profile may be found at linkedin.

dimanche 29 mai 2011

IT governance ontologies

An original IT governance ontology rooted in French culture and history

Notion of IT Governance ontology

Ontology is one of the most difficult concept in philosophy : you might remember a lecture in college [1] on the “Ontological Proof” (Fr : Preuve Ontologique) by René Descartes, a French philosopher of the XVI century (famous for his “cogito ergo sum”, “I think therefore I am”). Composed by the Greek word ontos , being, (Fr : étant) and logos, discourse (Fr : discours), ontology could be translated with discourse on being (Fr : “discours sur l'être”). Applied to a specific domain or entity, it could be translated into representing (Fr: représenter) the domain or the entity or modelling the domain or the entity.

For exemple, “governance ontology” simply means “governance modelling”.

In information systems management, modelling systems happens when ensuring interoperation between IT systems or integrating a component into a system. When the modelling follows some specific semiologic rules, computer science calls it ontology : “ “Within the context of computer science, an ontology defines a set of representational primitives with which to model a domain of knowledge or discourse. The representational primitives are typically classes (or sets), attributes (or properties), and relationships (or relations among class members)...” [GRUBER 2009]
Three classical IT governance ontologies

There are three classical IT governance ontologies :
  1. IT entitlements and IT accountabilities
  2. the above plus IT organisational structures and IT management processes
  3. the above plus the IT strategy and IT policy.

These ontologies might be revealed by three streams of thought leaderships on IT governance [WIKI 2009].

The first stream is leaded by Professor Peter Weill and Professor Jeanne Ross (MIT, USA) who formulated IT governance as "decision rights and accountability framework for encouraging desirable behaviour in the use of IT"[MIT 2002].

The second stream, probably the most widely followed, was initiated by the IT Governance Institute (USA), an institute sponsored by ISACA. ITGI retained the following definition: "(...)leadership and organisational structures and processes that ensure that the organisation's IT sustains and extends the organisation’s strategies and objectives" [ITGI 2003]. The definition is tightly coupled with the reputed best practices library COBIT (Control Objectives of Information and related Technologies), which represents a collection of 34 management processes organised in four families named as "Plan and organize" or "Acquire and Implement"[ITGI 1996-2007]. Similar definitions have been adopted by other frameworks which represent a collection of processes such as ITIL [ITIL 2007]

The third one is the most recent and is promoted by ISO: "(...)it includes the strategy and policies for using ICT within an organisation" [ISO 2008].

For each of these thought leadership, ontological primitives can be drawn out from the respective governance definitions.

Authors Primitives
P. Weill and J. Ross (USA) Decision rights
Accountabilities
ISACA / ITGI Leadership
Organisational structures
Processes
OGC Policies
Strategy
Processes
Roles
ISO Directing systems
Controlling systems
Use plans
IT strategies
IT policies

Users voice

Should we consult the user side, we could knock at CIGREF, an association of the leading French companies which was created 40 years ago in Paris to address the usage of information technologies within the enterprise. CIGREF bears the user voice of a community strong of 130 companies which form more than 95% of companies of the CAC 40 and 50% of Euronext 100. In a report of a study on IT governance conducted in 2002, CIGREF noted that "chaque fois que différents acteurs veulent exercer un pouvoir sur un système, ils évoquent la notion de gouvernance" [CIGREF 2002] (Ang : "any time various actors are willing to exercise some power on a system, they summon the notion of governance".

It is noticeable that the word “power” (Fr : pouvoir) is used in this user voice instead of “authority” (Fr : autorité) or “accountability” (Fr : responsabilité) that could have been used without modifying dramatically the meaning of the phrase.
This hints to the fact that governance primarily is a political notion and suggests whereas more traditional thinking say that IT governance were a branch of “Corporate Governance” or a discipline of its kind and called “IT Governance” with upper case letters, that IT governance might be simply “governance applied to IT”

A genuine IT governance ontology

Contemplating that regime (Fr : régime), a notion deeply rooted in the French culture and history, was a primitive notion in political science, we have crafted this genuine definition of IT governance :
definition, application and management of IT governance regime
where “IT governance regime” is simply a “regime for IT”. (©Tru Dô-Khac, France) The associated ontological analysis results into an outstanding simple output.

IT governance definition Primitive
Definition, application and management of
IT governance regime
where IT governance regime is a [governance] regime for IT
Regime

References

[CIGREF 2002] "Gouvernance du SI, problématiques et démarches" (Ang: IT governance, problematics and approaches), CIGREF, 2002, page 11.
[GRUBER 2009] Definition by [ Tom Gruber ], Encyclopedia of Database Systems, Ling Liu and M. Tamer Özsu (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 2009
[ISO 2008] "IT governance standard", 2008, ISO.
[ITGI 2003] "Board Briefing on IT Governance, 2nd Edition", IT Governance Institute, 2003, page 10.
[ITGI 1996-2007] Cobit 4.1 Exerpt, IT Governance Institute, 1996-2007, page 26.
[ITIL 2007] ITIL® V3 Glossary v3.1.24, May 11 2007, page ,
[MIT 2002] "Don’t just lead: govern. Implementing effective IT governance", Peter Weill, Richard Woodham, 2002, MIT CISR, page 1, 3.
[MIT 2004] "IT governance on One Page", Peter Weill, Jeanne Ross, 2004, MIT CISR, page 4.
[WIKI 2009] en.wikipedia.org, Information technology governance/definitions, 31 janvier 2009.
[1] Tribute to Lycée Louis-Le-Grand and ist professors who raised me to Ecole Polytechnique ParisTech.

About this page

This page is a creative knowledge cell :








- it carries some creative work;
- it is endorsed by its creator;
- the history of the page is traced;
- the creative work is anchored in previous creative works;
- the creative work is marked with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof. This knowledge cell is a cell of The Archilogy Institute, an open creative knowledge community addressing governance within enterprises and ecosystems.

Contacting the knowledge cell nurturer

The present cell is nurtured by Tru Dô-Khac , a Paris based independent consultant in IT and innovation governance.

Sustaining this knowledge cell

To raise a family while sustaining various cells of The Archilogy Institute, Tru Dô-Khac delivers professionals services:
- Regime Management professional services,
- Journey Management professional services,
- business relationship reengineering professional services,
- business process transactioning professional services,
- IT center transformation,
- R&D center transformation.

Tracing the knowledge cell life

- Published by Dô-Khac Decision, Paris, on June 27. 2010 on www.it-governance-ontologies.com

«Sharing, Reusing, Remixing, - Legally», the knowledge cell content

Contrat Creative Commons
A genuine IT governance ontology rooted in French culture and history by Tru Dô-Khac, France est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France.
“Share, Remix, Reuse -Legally” is the motto of Creative Commons, « a nonprofit organization dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright. Creative Commons provides free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof ».
It is remixed through Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license