A case of Open Innovation : NGEN ISG

NGEN ISG, a stream of knowledge on dynamics between intellectual property (IP) policies, information technology (IT) usage and innovation

The impact of web 2.0, the latest wave of information technology, on enterprise has been widely and deeply studied. The emblematic finding is Enterprise 2.0, which was coined by Pr. Andrew McAfee in 2006.

In 2009, The Archilogy Institute , an open creative knowledge community addressing governance within the enterprises and the ecosystems, inherited a journey towards a next generation information technologies governance stream of practices which would be based on relationships instead of processes.

Through this legacy, The Archilogy Institute acquired the vision that intellectual property (IP) policies were critical to the use of IT.

Subsequently, The Archilogy Institute conducted preliminary assessments that would suggest that

• IP is currently shut in an ivory tower (or a bunker, depending to the viewpoint), the same way as information technologies (IT) were 40 years ago;
• IP management practices are fragmented, with an large gap between industrial IP applications and literature/artistic IP applications (in all sectors but entertainment);
• IP management policies have been oriented towards owning creation and invention (copyright, patent);
• new IP management policies oriented towards sharing creation and invention were emerging. 

As a matter of fact, development of IP should create in the coming years a sea change at least as dramatic as web 2.0 technologies of which impact encompasses not only enterprises, but also entire ecosystems and even society as a whole.

Under this context, The Archilogy Institute initiated a knowledge stream called NGEN ISG.

NGEN ISG should

• foster the emergence of IP management policies that would be oriented towards sharing creation and innovation;
• monitor the impact of these emerging policies on innovation within enterprises and ecosystems.

Tru Dô-Khac's cell contribution to the knowledge stream NGEN ISG

Based in Paris, Tru Dô-Khac's cell has been

• reviewing selected studies such as "The information: the next big challenge for business", a study conducted in 2009 by CIGREF and Capgemini Consulting with IMD;
• supporting since its inception the Information Systems Dynamics ( ISD), an international research programme initiated by CIGREF, in particular by attending and feeding back to the workshops and international conferences organized by ISD in 2009 and 2010; briefing papers under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 France are available on request. 

At the second ISD conference, which took place at Paris on September 23. 2010, of which object was to explore how innovating information systems could transform the enterprise and where China was the guest country, the linkage between IP, IT and governance has indirectly emerged.

A hint for western companies from ISD 2010 conference : Creative Open Innovation The resurgence of China creates an unprecedented challenge to Western economies and especially France. With China benefiting from volumes larger by several orders of magnitude and from an innovation capacity expected to be heads on to U.S. in the next five years, what opportunities, threats, strategies for western businesses ? Unfortunately, for today's CEOs and managers, lessons learnt and management practices from the past 100 years would provide only limited foresight ; so ISD was wise to invite a college of promising students and tomorrow's managers to share their thinking and feeling with the audience. One of them expressed his admiration for the creators of Linux. Aligning this quotation with Pr. Guo Xunhua and Pr. Carl Dahlman's lectures on managerial behaviours within Chinese companies suggests that new forms of Open Innovation based on a balanced intellectual property (IP) (Opensource, Creative Commons,...) might be an answer for western companies. - a balanced IP which reflects a blended sharing and protecting attitude can bring together vast amounts of resources ; - these resources are efficient under a right governance regime, and it will take some time for organisations with a tradition of authoritarian management to learn how to institute a governance regime. This "new" form of Open Innovation could be called "Creative Open Innovation" [1].

Anchoring the creative and open knowledge cell into the ocean of knowledge

Debriefing papers available on request from Tru Dô-Khac 

May 7. 2009 ISD workshop in Paris : the paper compares two scenario exercises of future use respectively to patents (presented by Dr. Berthold Rutz, EPO) and information technologies (presented by Pr. Ian Miles, a FISTERA member) in order to inspire definition of scenarios on future use of information systems.

May 26. 2009 ISD workshop in Paris : the paper reports

• a breakdown structure of the immaterial capital (presented by Pr Bounfour, Chaire Européenne de Management de l’Immatériel et PESOR, Université Paris-Sud 11) to position the organisational capital and a definition of organisational capital (provided by Alexandre Guillard, CNP Assurances, direction de l’Innovation et de l’Organisation, Vice President Afope) to be possibly included into a glossary;
• Web 2.0 technologies (addressed by Thierry Nabeth, CALT, INSEAD) which might question the essence of organisation as it is in most enterprises;
• The “Knowledge Added Value” (created by Pr Tom Housel, Naval Post Graduate School, Monterey ) as a theory to underpin possible measurement of the organisational capital;
• The “value agreement” (“contrat de valeur” formulated by Yves Caseau, Directeur Général Adjoint and former CIO of Bouygues Telecom) as an instrument to formalize between a business unit and the IS department the deliverables of the organisational capital. 

On "Creative Open Innovation" The phrase "creative open innovation" can be found in "Response to the Public Consultation of Reviewing Community Innovation Policy", November, 16. 2009 by the European Interest Group on Creativity and Innovation (EICI). In this paper, the EICI arguments that The Commission of The European Communities fails in its Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, "Reviewing community innovation policy in a changing world" as of September 2. 2009, to recognize the right place of creativity in innovation. However, in its 20 pages paper, aside recommending that an "European online platform" should enable "exchange information on intellectual property", the EICI stayed silent on new practices of intellectual property usage such as Creative Commons... According to Henry Chesbrough (UC Berkeley), "Open Innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology " (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_innovation as of October 4, 2010). To our reading, this simply means joined innovation to gain technological momentum : a distribution licence may merit the label of Open Innovation as well as a crafting a research consortium. In the IT sector, " open " has been used in various contexts : the system Unix was " open ", IP networks were " open ", Firefox is " open "…

Contacting the creative and open knowledge cell nurturer

This page is a The Archilogy Institute cell nurtured by Tru Dô-Khac , an independent consultant in IT and innovation governance.

• Tru Dô-Khac is chairman of X-Propriété-Intellectuelle, "X-PI", (X-Intellectual-Property), a professional group within Ecole Polytechnique ParisTech alumni association and that addresses intellectual property (IP) issues. On X-PI agenda: IP market places, impact of renewed IP commons on businesses, dynamics between IP policies and IT use and governance. 
• Tru Dô-Khac's profile may be found at linkedin.

Tracing the life of this creative and open knowledge cell

• Published by Tru Dô-Khac, Paris, on May 14. 2010 on www.ngen-isg.com
• Revised on June 19. to follow The Archilogy Institute guidelines to nurture a cell (cell contact, cell usage, cell life trace)
• Revised on October 2. 2010 as a result of ISD 2010 conference. 
• Republished on this site on September 11, 2011

« Sharing, reusing, remixing, - legally- », the content of this creative and open knowledge cell

" NGEN ISG, a knowledge stream on dynamics between IP policies, IT usage and innovation " by Tru Dô-Khac, Paris, France est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité-Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France.

Les autorisations au-delà du champ de cette licence peuvent être obtenues à Tru Dô-Khac

July 2009 : creation of an institute to address "business relationship management"

July 29. 2011 : ITIL 2011 Edition is available as planned [1]

Congratulations for its sharesholders to be "On Time

We believe that the reputed IT governance framework should change the way IT is governed. As a matter of fact, three new processes have been created in the framework : "Business Relationship Management", "Dermand Management", "Design Coordination" [2].

For the digital enterprise, IT governance should be relationship oriented whereas traditional IT governance has been process oriented.

We anticipated this change two years ago by launching NGEN ITG project and creating the Archilogy Institute with extreme limited means.

Underneath is a duplication of the genuine blog www.archilogie.net announcing on July 2009 The Archilogy Institute creation and migrated into this blog as of today.

[1] “ITIL Update : Frequently Asked Questions October 2009”, STO, 2009

[2]   "ITIL 2011 Summary of Updates" Crown Copyright

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The Archilogy Institute, an open creative knowledge community addressing governance

An open creative knowledge community

The Archilogy Institute [1] is a knowledge community inspired by opensource, wikipedia and IT cloud visions. The knowledge addressed by the community is governance within enterprises and ecosystems .

The knowledge community is open and creative.

• open because its members are not bound to a central legal entity through contractual agreements such as a subscription or a labor contract but form a community where members are bound together through one-to-many arrangements which allows "Sharing, Reusing and Remixing, - Legally " intellectual outputs;
• creative because the one-to-many arrangements which bind members of the knowledge community together are based on Creative Commons contracts which have been crafted to foster creativity and innovation.

In a nutshell, The Archilogy Institute operates as a pervasive organism composed of " creative knowledge cells " nurtured by individuals or organizations and irrigated by "streams of knowledge " whereas :
a "creative knowledge cell" is defined as an information unit compliant with five criteria :

1. - the unit should carry some creative work;
2. - the creative work of the unit should be endorsed by its creator;
3. - the history of the unit should be traced;
4. - the creative work of the unit should be anchored in previous creative works;
5. - the creative work of the unit should be marked with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof; a "stream of knowledge " is a sequence of linked creative knowledge cells.

Addressing governance within the enterprises and the ecosystems

The Archilogy Institute addresses governance within the enterprises and the ecosystems. The Archilogy Institute members aim to understand, monitor and participate to the dynamics between the enterprise, the ecosystems, information technology usage and intellectual properties practices under the forces of innovation, production, distribution and usage.

Inspired by CIGREF international research programme Information Systems Dynamics (ISD)

In 2008, CIGREF, a Paris based association of leading European companies, launched an international research programme to understand the dynamics of information systems usage within the enterprises and society. Called ISD (Information Systems Dynamics), the programme has adopted as motto " Understanding how the digital world transforms our lives and our businesses ". 

ISD ambitions to mobilize collaboration from academics, enterprises and citizens through various means: workshops, open conferences and events, call for academic driven research projects, call for enterprises sponsorships and contributing projects, call for public comments through open moderated blogs, alliances,... As a result, two workshops and an international conference were held in 2009.

From these three events , we came back with some feelings which have inspired The Archilogy Institute seeding :

1. information technologies (IT), information systems (IS) and information should not be blurred but be addressed specifically;
2. IT governance, IS governance and information governance are highly dependant on cultural and social factors;
3. emerging intellectual properties management practices allowing "sharing, reusing, remixing, - legally" [2], seem to have been overlooked;
4. foresearching on IT usage should request that traditional frontiers (enterprises /citizens, academics/practitioners, workers/non workers, juniors/seniors) be lowered as much as possible;
5. to lower these frontiers, innovative intellectual property (IP) management might be a powerful enabler.

Last septembre, the ISD 2010 conference in Paris sent an encouragement toThe Archilogy Institute to pursue its mission. The conference explored how innovating information systems could transform the enterprise while inviting China as guest country. To the unprecedented challenge of Chinese companies that should have in the coming years comparable innovation capabilities and a market to western companies and access to volumes , Creative Open Innovation, a derivative of Open Innovation based on a balanced intellectual property, might be an answer.

Inspired by exchanges within X-Intellectual-Property, a professional group of Ecole Polytechnique alumni association

X-Intellectual-Property is a professional group addressing IP matters within Ecole Polytechnique alumni association. Addressed topics are IP market places, innovation through renewed IP management practices, impact of IP usage on IT usage, valuation of intangibles...

About this page

This page is a creative knowledge cell. The creative knowledge cell is a cell of The Archilogy Institute.
The cell is associated to a comment on the moderated forum of ISD (Information Systems Dynamics), which is an international research programme on IT usage dynamics launched by CIGREF, a forty years old association of leading European companies from the IT demand side.

Firmly anchoring the cell to the ocean of knowledge

(Notes)
[1] Archilogie is an old French word from the XV century, composed by the Greek words archein (pouvoir/power, you may think of mon-archy) and logos (discours/discourse). It could be translated by "discours du pouvoir" (discourse on power), that is governance .
To invoke governance, cratology (Fr: cratologie) could have been used as well (for cratos, you may think of "démo-cratie", Ang: democracy) but cratology might have summoned French philosopher Michel Foucault's work, a little bit far from information technology governance (IT governance), the first discipline addressed by The Archilogy Institute.
[2]"Share, Remix, Reuse -Legally" is the motto of Creative Commons, " a nonprofit organization dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright. Creative Commons provides free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof ".

Tracing the creative knowledge cell life

• Published by Tru Dô-Khac, Paris, under Creative Commons Attribution France 2.0 ; July 2009.
• Updated on May 17. to become a seed cell of The Archilogy Institute.
• Updated on June 19. to pay tribute to CIGREF international research programme Information Systems Dynamics (ISD)
• Updated on August 27. to replace “note” by "Anchoring firmly into the ocean of knowledge"
• Content transferred from www.archilogie.net on october 14. 2010.

"Sharing, Reusing, Remixing, -Legally-", the creative knowledge cell content

"The Archilogy Institute, an open creative knowledge community addressing governance" by Tru Dô-Khac, Paris, France est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité 2.0 France. "Share, Remix, Reuse, -Legally" is the motto of Creative Commons, a non profit organisation. The phrase has been remixed through Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license.

 

Contacting the creative knowledge cell nurturer

The present knowledge cell is nurtured by Tru Dô-Khac , an independent consultant in IT and innovation governance.

 

Sustaining this creative knowledge cell

To raise a family while sustaining various cells of The Archilogy Institute, Tru Dô-Khac delivers professionals services:

• " IT Regime Management " (IT governance) professional services,
• Open Source governance professional services,
• business relationship reengineering professional services,
• business process transactioning professional services,
• IT center transformation professional services,
• R&D center transformation professional services,
• Journey Management professional services.

Tru Dô-Khac is chairman of X-Intellectual-Property, a professional group established within Ecole Polytechnique ParisTech alumni association.
Tru Dô-Khac's profile may be found at linkedin.

IT governance ontologies

An original IT governance ontology rooted in French culture and history

Notion of IT Governance ontology

Ontology is one of the most difficult concept in philosophy : you might remember a lecture in college [1] on the “Ontological Proof” (Fr : Preuve Ontologique) by René Descartes, a French philosopher of the XVI century (famous for his “cogito ergo sum”, “I think therefore I am”). Composed by the Greek word ontos , being, (Fr : étant) and logos, discourse (Fr : discours), ontology could be translated with discourse on being (Fr : “discours sur l'être”). Applied to a specific domain or entity, it could be translated into representing (Fr: représenter) the domain or the entity or modelling the domain or the entity.

For exemple, “governance ontology” simply means “governance modelling”.

In information systems management, modelling systems happens when ensuring interoperation between IT systems or integrating a component into a system. When the modelling follows some specific semiologic rules, computer science calls it ontology : “ “Within the context of computer science, an ontology defines a set of representational primitives with which to model a domain of knowledge or discourse. The representational primitives are typically classes (or sets), attributes (or properties), and relationships (or relations among class members)...” [GRUBER 2009]
Three classical IT governance ontologies

There are three classical IT governance ontologies :

1. IT entitlements and IT accountabilities
2. the above plus IT organisational structures and IT management processes
3. the above plus the IT strategy and IT policy.

These ontologies might be revealed by three streams of thought leaderships on IT governance [WIKI 2009].

The first stream is leaded by Professor Peter Weill and Professor Jeanne Ross (MIT, USA) who formulated IT governance as "decision rights and accountability framework for encouraging desirable behaviour in the use of IT"[MIT 2002].

The second stream, probably the most widely followed, was initiated by the IT Governance Institute (USA), an institute sponsored by ISACA. ITGI retained the following definition: "(...)leadership and organisational structures and processes that ensure that the organisation's IT sustains and extends the organisation’s strategies and objectives" [ITGI 2003]. The definition is tightly coupled with the reputed best practices library COBIT (Control Objectives of Information and related Technologies), which represents a collection of 34 management processes organised in four families named as "Plan and organize" or "Acquire and Implement"[ITGI 1996-2007]. Similar definitions have been adopted by other frameworks which represent a collection of processes such as ITIL [ITIL 2007]

The third one is the most recent and is promoted by ISO: "(...)it includes the strategy and policies for using ICT within an organisation" [ISO 2008].

For each of these thought leadership, ontological primitives can be drawn out from the respective governance definitions.

Authors	Primitives
P. Weill and J. Ross (USA)	Decision rights Accountabilities
ISACA / ITGI	Leadership Organisational structures Processes
OGC	Policies Strategy Processes Roles
ISO	Directing systems Controlling systems Use plans IT strategies IT policies

Users voice

Should we consult the user side, we could knock at CIGREF, an association of the leading French companies which was created 40 years ago in Paris to address the usage of information technologies within the enterprise. CIGREF bears the user voice of a community strong of 130 companies which form more than 95% of companies of the CAC 40 and 50% of Euronext 100. In a report of a study on IT governance conducted in 2002, CIGREF noted that "chaque fois que différents acteurs veulent exercer un pouvoir sur un système, ils évoquent la notion de gouvernance" [CIGREF 2002] (Ang : "any time various actors are willing to exercise some power on a system, they summon the notion of governance".

It is noticeable that the word “power” (Fr : pouvoir) is used in this user voice instead of “authority” (Fr : autorité) or “accountability” (Fr : responsabilité) that could have been used without modifying dramatically the meaning of the phrase.
This hints to the fact that governance primarily is a political notion and suggests whereas more traditional thinking say that IT governance were a branch of “Corporate Governance” or a discipline of its kind and called “IT Governance” with upper case letters, that IT governance might be simply “governance applied to IT”

A genuine IT governance ontology

Contemplating that regime (Fr : régime), a notion deeply rooted in the French culture and history, was a primitive notion in political science, we have crafted this genuine definition of IT governance :
“definition, application and management of IT governance regime”
where “IT governance regime” is simply a “regime for IT”. (©Tru Dô-Khac, France) The associated ontological analysis results into an outstanding simple output.

IT governance definition	Primitive
Definition, application and management of IT governance regime where IT governance regime is a [governance] regime for IT	Regime

References

[CIGREF 2002] "Gouvernance du SI, problématiques et démarches" (Ang: IT governance, problematics and approaches), CIGREF, 2002, page 11.
[GRUBER 2009] Definition by [ Tom Gruber ], Encyclopedia of Database Systems, Ling Liu and M. Tamer Özsu (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 2009
[ISO 2008] "IT governance standard", 2008, ISO.
[ITGI 2003] "Board Briefing on IT Governance, 2nd Edition", IT Governance Institute, 2003, page 10.
[ITGI 1996-2007] Cobit 4.1 Exerpt, IT Governance Institute, 1996-2007, page 26.
[ITIL 2007] ITIL® V3 Glossary v3.1.24, May 11 2007, page ,
[MIT 2002] "Don’t just lead: govern. Implementing effective IT governance", Peter Weill, Richard Woodham, 2002, MIT CISR, page 1, 3.
[MIT 2004] "IT governance on One Page", Peter Weill, Jeanne Ross, 2004, MIT CISR, page 4.
[WIKI 2009] en.wikipedia.org, Information technology governance/definitions, 31 janvier 2009.
[1] Tribute to Lycée Louis-Le-Grand and ist professors who raised me to Ecole Polytechnique ParisTech.

About this page

This page is a creative knowledge cell :

- it carries some creative work;

- it is endorsed by its creator;

- the history of the page is traced;

- the creative work is anchored in previous creative works;

- the creative work is marked with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof. This knowledge cell is a cell of The Archilogy Institute, an open creative knowledge community addressing governance within enterprises and ecosystems.

Contacting the knowledge cell nurturer

The present cell is nurtured by Tru Dô-Khac , a Paris based independent consultant in IT and innovation governance.

Sustaining this knowledge cell

To raise a family while sustaining various cells of The Archilogy Institute, Tru Dô-Khac delivers professionals services:

- Regime Management professional services,

- Journey Management professional services,

- business relationship reengineering professional services,

- business process transactioning professional services,

- IT center transformation,

- R&D center transformation.

Tracing the knowledge cell life

- Published by Dô-Khac Decision, Paris, on June 27. 2010 on www.it-governance-ontologies.com

«Sharing, Reusing, Remixing, - Legally», the knowledge cell content

A genuine IT governance ontology rooted in French culture and history by Tru Dô-Khac, France est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France.
“Share, Remix, Reuse -Legally” is the motto of Creative Commons, « a nonprofit organization dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright. Creative Commons provides free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof ».
It is remixed through Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license

Inspired by CIGREF

In 2008, CIGREF, a Paris based association of leading European companies, launched an international research programme to understand the dynamics of information systems usage within the enterprises and society. Called ISD (Information Systems Dynamics), the programme has adopted as motto " Understanding how the digital world transforms our lives and our businesses ".

ISD ambitions to mobilize collaboration from academics, enterprises and citizens through various means: workshops, open conferences and events, call for academic driven research projects, call for enterprises sponsorships and contributing projects, call for public comments through open moderated blogs, alliances,...

As a result, two workshops and an international conference were held in 2009. 

From these three events, we came back with some feelings which have inspired The Archilogy Institute seeding :

1. information technologies (IT), information systems (IS) and information should not be blurred but be addressed specifically;
2. IT governance, IS governance and information governance are highly dependant on cultural and social factors;
3. emerging intellectual properties management practices allowing "sharing, reusing, remixing, - legally" [1], seem to have been overlooked;
4. foresearching on IT usage should request that traditional frontiers (enterprises /citizens, academics/practitioners, workers/non workers, juniors/seniors) be lowered as much as possible;
5. to lower these frontiers, innovative intellectual property (IP) management might be a powerful enabler.

Last septembre, the ISD 2010 conference in Paris sent an encouragement toThe Archilogy Institute to pursue its mission. The conference explored how innovating information systems could transform the enterprise while inviting China as guest country. To the unprecedented challenge of Chinese companies that should have in the coming years comparable innovation capabilities and a market to western companies and access to volumes , Creative Open Innovation, a derivative of Open Innovation based on a balanced intellectual property, might be an answer. 

About this page

This page is a creative knowledge cell.

The creative knowledge cell is a cell of The Archilogy Institute.

The cell is associated to a comment on the moderated forum of ISD (Information Systems Dynamics), which is an international research programme on IT usage dynamics launched by CIGREF, a forty years old association of leading European companies from the IT demand side.

Firmly anchoring the cell to the ocean of knowledge

[1]"Share, Remix, Reuse -Legally" is the motto of Creative Commons, " a nonprofit organization dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build upon the work of others, consistent with the rules of copyright. Creative Commons provides free licenses and other legal tools to mark creative work with the freedom the creator wants it to carry, so others can share, remix, use commercially, or any combination thereof ".

Tracing the creative knowledge cell life

- Published by Tru Dô-Khac, Paris, under Creative Commons Attribution France 2.0 ; July 2009.
- Updated on May 17. to become a seed cell of The Archilogy Institute.
- Updated on June 19. to pay tribute to CIGREF international research programme Information Systems Dynamics (ISD)
- Updated on August 27. to replace “note” by "Anchoring firmly into the ocean of knowledge"
- Content transferred from www.archilogie.net on October 14. 2010.
- Content transferred from www.archilogy.net on December 1 2010.

"Sharing, Reusing, Remixing, -Legally-", the creative knowledge cell content

"The Archilogy Institute, an open creative knowledge community addressing governance" by Tru Dô-Khac, Paris, France est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Paternité 2.0 France. "Share, Remix, Reuse, -Legally" is the motto of Creative Commons, a non profit organisation. The phrase has been remixed through Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license.